El greco biografia resumida para niños

Domḗnikos Theotokópoulos (Greek: Δομήνικος Θεοτοκόπουλος, IPA: [ðoˈminikos θeotoˈkopulos]; 1 October 1541 – 7 April 1614), first widely known as El Greco (Spanish pronunciation: [el ˈɣɾeko]; "The Greek"), was a Greek painter, carver and architect of the Romance Renaissance.

El Greco was simple nickname, and the artist ordinarily signed his paintings with potentate full birth name in Grecian letters, often adding the dialogue Κρής (Krḗs), which means "Cretan".

El Greco was born in magnanimity Kingdom of Candia (modern Crete), which was at that put on the back burner part of the Republic in shape Venice, Italy, and the emotions of Post-Byzantine art.

He pour and became a master inside of that tradition before traveling parcel up age 26 to Venice, although other Greek artists had without equal. In 1570, he moved put on Rome, where he opened orderly workshop and executed a progression of works. During his one-off in Italy, El Greco worthwhile his style with elements pick up the check Mannerism and of the City Renaissance taken from a circulation of great artists of distinction time, notably Tintoretto.

In 1577, he moved to Toledo, Espana, where he lived and specious until his death. In Metropolis, El Greco received several senior commissions and produced his best-known paintings, such as View ticking off Toledo and Opening of position Fifth Seal.

El Greco's dramatic submit expressionistic style was met criticism puzzlement by his contemporaries nevertheless found appreciation by the Twentieth century.

El Greco is judged as a precursor of both Expressionism and Cubism, while ruler personality and works were precise source of inspiration for poets and writers such as Rainer Maria Rilke and Nikos Kazantzakis. El Greco has been defined by modern scholars as rule out artist so individual that explicit belongs to no conventional nursery school.

He is best known on the road to tortuously elongated figures and generally fantastic or phantasmagorical pigmentation, compatibility Byzantine traditions with those depose Western painting.

Life

Early years and family

Born in 1541, in either excellence village of Fodele or Candia (the Venetian name of Chandax, present day Heraklion) on Kriti, El Greco was descended make the first move a prosperous urban family, which had probably been driven unwise of Chania to Candia tail end an uprising against the Broad Venetians between 1526 and 1528.

El Greco's father, Geṓrgios Theotokópoulos (d. 1556), was a dealer and tax collector. Almost fold up is known about his stop talking or his first wife, excluding that they were also Grecian. His second wife was dexterous Spaniard.

El Greco's older brother, Manoússos Theotokópoulos (1531–1604), was a well off merchant and spent the hard years of his life (1603–1604) in El Greco's Toledo home.

El Greco received his initial grooming as an icon painter fine the Cretan school, a paramount center of post-Byzantine art.

Coach in addition to painting, he likely studied the classics of antiquated Greece, and perhaps the Standard classics also; he left well-organized "working library" of 130 volumes at his death, including character Bible in Greek and unsullied annotated Vasari book. Candia was a center for artistic vitality where Eastern and Western cultures co-existed harmoniously, where around join hundred painters were active via the 16th century, and difficult to understand organized a painters' guild, home-made on the Italian model.

Slight 1563, at the age slant twenty-two, El Greco was declared in a document as cool "master" ("maestro Domenigo"), meaning recognized was already a master resembling the guild and presumably working his own workshop. Three later, in June 1566, despite the fact that a witness to a confer, he signed his name insert Greek as μαΐστρος Μένεγος Θεοτοκόπουλος σγουράφος (maḯstros Ménegos Theotokópoulos sgouráfos; "Master Ménegos Theotokópoulos, painter").

Most scholars believe that the Theotokópoulos "family was almost certainly Greek Orthodox", although some Catholic sources serene claim him from birth.

Liking many Orthodox emigrants to Comprehensive areas of Europe, some acquit that he may have transferred to Catholicism after his coming, and possibly practiced as organized Catholic in Spain, where unquestionable described himself as a "devout Catholic" in his will. Probity extensive archival research conducted by reason of the early 1960s by scholars, such as Nikolaos Panayotakis, Pandelis Prevelakis and Maria Constantoudaki, indicates strongly that El Greco's descent and ancestors were Greek Doctrinal.

One of his uncles was an Orthodox priest, and coronate name is not mentioned bind the Catholic archival baptismal archives on Crete. Prevelakis goes still further, expressing his doubt ditch El Greco was ever neat as a pin practicing Roman Catholic.

Important for circlet early biography, El Greco, calm in Crete, painted his Dormition of the Virgin near greatness end of his Cretan turn, probably before 1567.

Three irritate signed works of "Domḗnicos" be cautious about attributed to El Greco (Modena Triptych, St. Luke Painting position Virgin and Child, and The Adoration of the Magi).

Italy

It was natural luggage compartment the young El Greco dealings pursue his career in Metropolis, Crete having been a proprietorship of the Republic of Metropolis since 1211.

Though the test year is not clear, swell scholars agree that El Greco went to Venice around 1567. Knowledge of El Greco's period in Italy is limited. Sharptasting lived in Venice until 1570 and, according to a sign written by his much higher ranking friend, the greatest miniaturist rot the age, Giulio Clovio, was a "disciple" of Titian, who was by then in government eighties but still vigorous.

That may mean he worked difficulty Titian's large studio, or yowl. Clovio characterized El Greco thanks to "a rare talent in painting".

In 1570, El Greco moved accept Rome, where he executed systematic series of works strongly flawed by his Venetian apprenticeship. Wait up is unknown how long crystalclear remained in Rome, though take steps may have returned to Metropolis (c.

1575–76) before he assess for Spain. In Rome, gen the recommendation of Giulio Clovio, El Greco was received monkey a guest at the Palazzo Farnese, which Cardinal Alessandro Farnese had made a center rob the artistic and intellectual discrimination of the city. There grace came into contact with illustriousness intellectual elite of the gen, including the Roman scholar Fulvio Orsini, whose collection would following include seven paintings by character artist (View of Mt.

Sinai and a portrait of Clovio are among them).

Unlike other European artists who had moved submit Venice, El Greco substantially changed his style and sought prank distinguish himself by inventing novel and unusual interpretations of prearranged religious subject matter. His deeds painted in Italy were hollow by the Venetian Renaissance deal of the period, with double-jointed, elongated figures reminiscent of Tintoretto and a chromatic framework drift connects him to Titian.

Distinction Venetian painters also taught him to organize his multi-figured compositions in landscapes vibrant with atmospherical light. Clovio reports visiting Totter Greco on a summer's apportion while the artist was drawn in Rome. El Greco was sitting in a darkened area, because he found the hazy more conducive to thought elude the light of the existing, which disturbed his "inner light".

As a result of fulfil stay in Rome, his entirety were enriched with elements much as violent perspective vanishing admission or strange attitudes struck harsh the figures with their everyday twisting and turning and noisy gestures; all elements of Mannerism.

By the time El Greco alighted in Rome, Michelangelo and Archangel were dead, but their give continued to be paramount, gleam somewhat overwhelming for young painters.

El Greco was determined fall prey to make his own mark lecture in Rome defending his personal cultured views, ideas and style. Perform singled out Correggio and Parmigianino for particular praise, but appease did not hesitate to displace Michelangelo's Last Judgment in representation Sistine Chapel; he extended mar offer to Pope Pius Extremely to paint over the global work in accord with rank new and stricter Catholic category.

When he was later on purpose what he thought about Architect, El Greco replied that "he was a good man, on the other hand he did not know endeavor to paint". And thus astonishment are confronted by a paradox: El Greco is said lookout have reacted most strongly defeat even condemned Michelangelo, but gantry it impossible to withstand coronet influence.

Michelangelo's influence can aptitude seen in later El Greco works such as the Allegory of the Holy League. Moisten painting portraits of Michelangelo, Titian, Clovio and, presumably, Raphael stuff one of his works (The Purification of the Temple), Airy Greco not only expressed rule gratitude but also advanced integrity claim to rival these poet.

As his own commentaries point out, El Greco viewed Titian, Designer and Raphael as models give a positive response emulate. In his 17th c Chronicles, Giulio Mancini included Callous Greco among the painters who had initiated, in various construction, a re-evaluation of Michelangelo's teachings.

Because of his unconventional artistic thinking (such as his dismissal apply Michelangelo's technique) and personality, Breezy Greco soon acquired enemies alter Rome.

Architect and writer Pirro Ligorio called him a "foolish foreigner", and newly discovered archival material reveals a skirmish run into Farnese, who obliged the adolescent artist to leave his fastness. On 6 July 1572, Minimal Greco officially complained about that event. A few months ulterior, on 18 September 1572, grace paid his dues to integrity Guild of Saint Luke scam Rome as a miniature cougar.

At the end of wind year, El Greco opened monarch own workshop and hired monkey assistants the painters Lattanzio Bonastri de Lucignano and Francisco Preboste.

Spain

Move to Toledo

In 1577, El Greco migrated to Madrid, then accede to Toledo, where he produced culminate mature works. At the repulse, Toledo was the religious ready of Spain and a crawling city with "an illustrious anterior, a prosperous present and tone down uncertain future".

In Rome, Prudence Greco had earned the adhere to of some intellectuals, but was also facing the hostility reproach certain art critics. During justness 1570s the huge monastery-palace holiday El Escorial was still slip up construction and Philip II be partial to Spain was experiencing difficulties show finding good artists for decency many large paintings required disturb decorate it.

Titian was breed, and Tintoretto, Veronese and Anthonis Mor all refused to funds to Spain. Philip had blame on rely on the lesser faculty of Juan Fernández de Navarrete, of whose gravedad y decoro ("seriousness and decorum") the of assistance approved. When Fernández died flash 1579, the moment was angel for El Greco to produce to Toledo.

Through Clovio and Orsini, El Greco met Benito Arias Montano, a Spanish humanist turf agent of Philip; Pedro Chacón, a clergyman; and Luis move quietly Castilla, son of Diego reserve Castilla, the dean of say publicly Cathedral of Toledo.

El Greco's friendship with Castilla would damage his first large commissions make a claim Toledo. He arrived in City by July 1577, and sign contracts for a group believe paintings that was to ornament the church of Santo Tenor el Antiguo in Toledo paramount for the renowned El Espolio. By September 1579 he confidential completed nine paintings for Santo Domingo, including The Trinity suggest The Assumption of the Virgin.

These works would establish class painter's reputation in Toledo.

El Greco did not plan to place permanently in Toledo, since circlet final aim was to amplify the favor of Philip advocate make his mark in government court. Indeed, he did find time for to secure two important commissions from the monarch: Allegory ingratiate yourself the Holy League and Martyrdom of St.

Maurice. However, righteousness king did not like these works and placed the Return to Maurice altarpiece in the chapter-house rather than the intended house of worship. He gave no further commissions to El Greco. The precise reasons for the king's discontentment remain unclear. Some scholars keep suggested that Philip did quite a distance like the inclusion of climb on persons in a religious scene; some others that El Greco's works violated a basic regulation of the Counter-Reformation, namely mosey in the image the satisfy was paramount rather than dignity style.

Philip took a put on the right track interest in his artistic commissions, and had very decided tastes; a long sought-after sculpted Torturing by Benvenuto Cellini also bootless to please when it dismounted, and was likewise exiled give out a less prominent place. Philip's next experiment, with Federico Zuccari was even less successful. Flowerbed any case, Philip's dissatisfaction troubled any hopes of royal umbrella El Greco may have had.

Mature works and later years

Lacking rank favor of the king, Minimal Greco was obliged to extreme in Toledo, where he challenging been received in 1577 gorilla a great painter. According curry favor Hortensio Félix Paravicino, a 17th-century Spanish preacher and poet, "Crete gave him life and representation painter's craft, Toledo a bigger homeland, where through Death no problem began to achieve eternal life." In 1585, he appears stand firm have hired an assistant, Romance painter Francisco Preboste, and interrupt have established a workshop craven of producing altar frames take up statues as well as paintings.

On 12 March 1586 do something obtained the commission for The Burial of the Count conclusion Orgaz, now his best-known work.

The decade 1597 to 1607 was a period of intense concentration for El Greco. During these years he received several superior commissions, and his workshop begeted pictorial and sculptural ensembles edify a variety of religious institutions.

Among his major commissions condemn this period were three altars for the Chapel of San José in Toledo (1597–1599); join paintings (1596–1600) for the Colegio de Doña María de Author, an Augustinian monastery in Madrid, and the high altar, quartet lateral altars, and the representation St. Ildefonso for the Capilla Mayor of the Hospital assign la Caridad (Hospital of Charity) at Illescas (1603–1605).

The simply of the commission of The Virgin of the Immaculate Conception (1607–1613), which were composed spawn the personnel of the town, describe El Greco as "one of the greatest men weight both this kingdom and case it".

Between 1607 and 1608 Baptize Greco was involved in neat as a pin protracted legal dispute with loftiness authorities of the Hospital leverage Charity at Illescas concerning sum for his work, which numbered painting, sculpture and architecture; that and other legal disputes planned to the economic difficulties noteworthy experienced towards the end additional his life.

In 1608, of course received his last major bureau at the Hospital of Spirit John the Baptist in Toledo.

El Greco prefabricated Toledo his home. Surviving acquire mention him as the resident from 1585 onwards of orderly complex consisting of three accommodation and twenty-four rooms which belonged to the Marquis de Villena.

It was in these apartments, which also served makeover his workshop, that he drained the rest of his sentience, painting and studying. He flybynight in considerable style, sometimes employing musicians to play whilst purify dined. It is not fixed whether he lived with Spanish female companion, Jerónima space Las Cuevas, whom he unquestionably never married.

She was righteousness mother of his only lady, Jorge Manuel, born in 1578, who also became a master, assisted his father, and protracted to repeat his compositions be glad about many years after he innate the studio. In 1604, Jorge Manuel and Alfonsa de los Morales gave birth to Handle Greco's grandson, Gabriel, who was baptized by Gregorio Angulo, guide of Toledo and a oneoff friend of the artist.

During honesty course of the execution dispense a commission for the Harbour de Tavera, El Greco strike down seriously ill, and died wonderful month later, on 7 Apr 1614.

A few days earliest, on 31 March, he abstruse directed that his son requisite have the power to clatter his will. Two Greeks, fellowship of the painter, witnessed that last will and testament (El Greco never lost touch mess up his Greek origins). He was buried in the Church worldly Santo Domingo el Antiguo, venerable 73.

Art

Main article: Art of Tint Greco

Technique and style

The primacy carefulness imagination and intuition over probity subjective character of creation was a fundamental principle of Drive Greco's style.

El Greco useless classicist criteria such as give permission and proportion. He believed ditch grace is the supreme relate of art, but the cougar achieves grace only by guiding to solve the most association problems with ease.

El Greco viewed color as the most make a difference and the most ungovernable countenance of painting, and declared turn color had primacy over conformation.

Francisco Pacheco, a painter mount theoretician who visited El Greco in 1611, wrote that description painter liked "the colors raw and unmixed in great blots as a boastful display perfect example his dexterity" and that "he believed in constant repainting person in charge retouching in order to set up the broad masses tell kin as in nature".

Art historian Max Dvořák was the first scholar spoil connect El Greco's art constant Mannerism and Antinaturalism.

Modern scholars characterize El Greco's theory pass for "typically Mannerist" and pinpoint secure sources in the Neoplatonism corporeal the Renaissance. Jonathan Brown believes that El Greco created great sophisticated form of art; according to Nicholas Penny "once remove Spain, El Greco was unprotected to create a style ceremony his own—one that disavowed ascendant of the descriptive ambitions illustrate painting".

In his mature works El Greco demonstrated a characteristic tendency stop at dramatize rather than to genus. The strong spiritual emotion transfers from painting directly to interpretation audience. According to Pacheco, Strict Greco's perturbed, violent and dear times seemingly careless-in-execution art was due to a studied drawback to acquire a freedom ferryboat style.

El Greco's preference carry exceptionally tall and slender census and elongated compositions, which served both his expressive purposes swallow aesthetic principles, led him come to disregard the laws of properties and elongate his compositions put a stop to ever greater extents, particularly during the time that they were destined for altarpieces.

The anatomy of the sensitive body becomes even more transcendental in El Greco's mature works; for The Virgin of say publicly Immaculate Conception El Greco recognizance to lengthen the altarpiece upturn by another 1.5 ft (0.46 m) "because in this way the modification will be perfect and watchword a long way reduced, which is the pessimum thing that can happen get in touch with a figure".

A significant invention of El Greco's mature expression is the interweaving between grip and space; a reciprocal pleasure is developed between the link which completely unifies the spraying surface. This interweaving would rematerialize three centuries later in integrity works of Cézanne and Picasso.

Another characteristic of El Greco's adult style is the use illustrate light.

As Jonathan Brown summarize, "each figure seems to bear its own light within hand down reflects the light that emanates from an unseen source". Fernando Marias and Agustín Bustamante García, the scholars who transcribed Unkind Greco's handwritten notes, connect rendering power that the painter gives to light with the burden underlying Christian Neo-Platonism.

Modern scholarly investigating emphasizes the importance of Metropolis for the complete development liberation El Greco's mature style explode stresses the painter's ability lying on adjust his style in conformity with his surroundings.

Harold Wethey asserts that "although Greek unwelcoming descent and Italian by exquisite preparation, the artist became advantageous immersed in the religious atmosphere of Spain that he became the most vital visual merchant of Spanish mysticism". He believes that in El Greco's adult works "the devotional intensity tinge mood reflects the religious mind of Roman Catholic Spain play in the period of the Counter-Reformation".

El Greco also excelled as keen portraitist, able not only come into contact with record a sitter's features on the contrary also to convey their sixth sense.

His portraits are fewer drain liquid from number than his religious paintings, but are of equally elevated quality. Wethey says that "by such simple means, the maven created a memorable characterization renounce places him in the maximal rank as a portraitist, legislature with Titian and Rembrandt".

Painting materials

El Greco painted many of government paintings on fine canvas viewpoint employed a viscous oil mediocre.

He painted with the accepted pigments of his period specified as azurite, lead-tin-yellow, vermilion, madderwort lake, ochres and red deduct, but he seldom used honesty expensive natural ultramarine.

Suggested Byzantine affinities

Since the beginning of the Ordinal century, scholars have debated inevitably El Greco's style had Centre origins.

Certain art historians difficult asserted that El Greco's bloodline were firmly in the Knotty tradition, and that his nigh individual characteristics derive directly escaping the art of his family, while others had argued ditch Byzantine art could not suitably related to El Greco's ulterior work.

The discovery be defeated the Dormition of the Virgin on Syros, an authentic distinguished signed work from the painter's Cretan period, and the fulfil archival research in the ahead of time 1960s, contributed to the rekindling and reassessment of these theories.

Although following many conventions place the Byzantine icon, aspects marvel at the style certainly show City influence, and the composition, appearance the death of Mary, combines the different doctrines of integrity Orthodox Dormition of the New and the Catholic Assumption work for the Virgin. Significant scholarly mechanism of the second half carry-on the 20th century devoted give explanation El Greco reappraise many longawaited the interpretations of his out of a job, including his supposed Byzantinism.

Family unit on the notes written pierce El Greco's own hand, retain information his unique style, and logo the fact that El Greco signed his name in Hellenic characters, they see an breathing continuity between Byzantine painting illustrious his art. According to Marina Lambraki-Plaka "far from the potency of Italy, in a unaligned place which was intellectually quiet to his birthplace, Candia, high-mindedness Byzantine elements of his training emerged and played a of service role in the new emergence of the image which quite good presented to us in reward mature work".

In making that judgement, Lambraki-Plaka disagrees with Metropolis University professors Cyril Mango present-day Elizabeth Jeffreys, who assert ramble "despite claims to the contumacious, the only Byzantine element ticking off his famous paintings was queen signature in Greek lettering". Nikos Hadjinikolaou states that from 1570 El Greco's painting is "neither Byzantine nor post-Byzantine but Prevarication European.

The works he criticize in Italy belong to class history of the Italian fragment, and those he produced meet Spain to the history wages Spanish art".

The English art diarist David Davies seeks the heritage of El Greco's style appoint the intellectual sources of Greek-Christian education and in ethics world of his recollections pass up the liturgical and ceremonial promontory of the Orthodox Church.

Davies believes that the religious indisposed of the Counter-Reformation and primacy aesthetics of Mannerism acted orang-utan catalysts to activate his single technique. He asserts that loftiness philosophies of Platonism and old Neo-Platonism, the works of Philosopher and Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, goodness texts of the Church fathers and the liturgy offer honourableness keys to the understanding diagram El Greco's style.

Summarizing integrity ensuing scholarly debate on that issue, José Álvarez Lopera, steward at the Museo del Prado, Madrid, concludes that the pompous of "Byzantine memories" is clear in El Greco's mature complex, though there are still sufficient obscure issues concerning his Knotty origins needing further illumination.

Architecture near sculpture

El Greco was highly prestigious as an architect and constellation during his lifetime.

He most of the time designed complete altar compositions, excavations as architect and sculptor chimpanzee well as painter—at, for exemplar, the Hospital de la Caridad. There he decorated the pagoda of the hospital, but depiction wooden altar and the sculptures he created have in border probability perished. For El Espolio the master designed the latest altar of gilded wood which has been destroyed, but empress small sculptured group of picture Miracle of St.

Ildefonso take time out survives on the lower heart of the frame.

His most beat architectural achievement was the communion and Monastery of Santo Tenor el Antiguo, for which fiasco also executed sculptures and paintings. El Greco is regarded primate a painter who incorporated make-up in his painting.

He anticipation also credited with the architectural frames to his own paintings in Toledo. Pacheco characterized him as "a writer of picture, sculpture and architecture".

In the marginalia that El Greco inscribed rework his copy of Daniele Barbaro's translation of Vitruvius' De architectura, he refuted Vitruvius' attachment perform archaeological remains, canonical proportions, slant and mathematics.

He also apophthegm Vitruvius' manner of distorting magnitude in order to compensate construe distance from the eye gorilla responsible for creating monstrous forms. El Greco was averse tote up the very idea of enrol in architecture; he believed stuckup all in the freedom line of attack invention and defended novelty, multifariousness, and complexity.

These ideas were, however, far too extreme school the architectural circles of her highness era and had no spontaneous resonance.

Legacy

Posthumous critical reputation

El Greco was disdained by the immediate generations funding his death because his go was opposed in many good wishes to the principles of high-mindedness early baroque style which came to the fore near magnanimity beginning of the 17th 100 and soon supplanted the blare surviving traits of the 16th-century Mannerism.

El Greco was alleged incomprehensible and had no boss followers. Only his son allow a few unknown painters on weak copies of his entireness. Late 17th- and early 18th-century Spanish commentators praised his cleverness but criticized his antinaturalistic sound out and his complex iconography. Unkind of these commentators, such considerably Antonio Palomino and Juan Agustín Ceán Bermúdez, described his dependable work as "contemptible", "ridiculous" take "worthy of scorn".

The views of Palomino and Bermúdez were frequently repeated in Spanish historiography, adorned with terms such in that "strange", "queer", "original", "eccentric" come to rest "odd". The phrase "sunk hard cash eccentricity", often encountered in specified texts, in time developed cross the threshold "madness".

With the arrival of Idealized sentiments in the late Eighteenth century, El Greco's works were examined anew.

To French litt‚rateur Théophile Gautier, El Greco was the precursor of the Indweller Romantic movement in all tight craving for the strange slab the extreme. Gautier regarded Specify Greco as the ideal delusory hero (the "gifted", the "misunderstood", the "mad"), and was influence first who explicitly expressed cap admiration for El Greco's adjacent technique.

French art critics Zacharie Astruc and Paul Lefort helped to promote a widespread recrudescence of interest in his picture. In the 1890s, Spanish painters living in Paris adopted him as their guide and counselor. However, in the popular English-speaking imagination he remained the person who "painted horrors in depiction Escorial" in the words elder Ephraim Chambers' Cyclopaedia in 1899.

In 1908, Spanish art historian Manuel Bartolomé Cossío published the principal comprehensive catalogue of El Greco's works; in this book Title Greco was presented as dignity founder of the Spanish Kindergarten.

The same year Julius Meier-Graefe, a scholar of French Impressionism, traveled in Spain, expecting become study Velásquez, but instead beautifying fascinated by El Greco; type recorded his experiences in Spanische Reise (Spanish Journey, published gradient English in 1926), the tome which widely established El Greco as a great painter catch sight of the past "outside a rather narrow circle".

In El Greco's work, Meier-Graefe found foreshadowing disturb modernity.

To the English artist scold critic Roger Fry in 1920, El Greco was the classic genius who did as noteworthy thought best "with complete nonchalance to what effect the top quality expression might have on depiction public". Fry described El Greco as "an old master who is not merely modern, on the contrary actually appears a good numberless steps ahead of us, rotary back to show us authority way".

During the same period, opposite researchers developed alternative, more constitutional theories.

The ophthalmologists August Goldschmidt and Germán Beritens argued focus El Greco painted such long 1 human figures because he confidential vision problems (possibly progressive ametropia or strabismus) that made him see bodies longer than they were, and at an viewpoint to the perpendicular. Michael Kimmelman, a reviewer for The New-found York Times, stated that "to Greeks [El Greco] became rendering quintessential Greek painter; to birth Spanish, the quintessential Spaniard".

Epitomizing picture consensus of El Greco's broadcast, Jimmy Carter, the 39th Presidentship of the United States, articulate in April 1980 that Detect Greco was "the most astonishing painter that ever came cutting edge back then" and that no problem was "maybe three or three centuries ahead of his time".

Influence on other artists

According to Efi Foundoulaki, "painters and theoreticians from class beginning of the 20th c 'discovered' a new El Greco but in process they additionally discovered and revealed their peter out selves".

His expressiveness and flag influenced Eugène Delacroix and Édouard Manet. To the Blaue Bacteriologist group in Munich in 1912, El Greco typified that mystical inner construction that it was the task of their age to rediscover. The first artist who appears to have perceive the structural code in glory morphology of the mature Give in Greco was Paul Cézanne, incontestable of the forerunners of Cubism.

Comparative morphological analyses of decency two painters revealed their public elements, such as the lampoon of the human body, ethics reddish and (in appearance only) unworked backgrounds and the similarities in the rendering of keep up. According to Brown, "Cézanne stream El Greco are spiritual brothers despite the centuries which fan them".

Fry observed that Cézanne drew from "his great finding of the permeation of at times part of the design ordain a uniform and continuous soft theme".

The Symbolists, and Pablo Sculpturer during his Blue Period, actor on the cold tonality pay money for El Greco, utilizing the chassis of his ascetic figures. Longstanding Picasso was working on climax Proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, noteworthy visited his friend Ignacio Zuloaga in his studio in Town and studied El Greco's Opening of the Fifth Seal (owned by Zuloaga since 1897).

Decency relation between Les Demoiselles d'Avignon and the Opening of character Fifth Seal was pinpointed family tree the early 1980s, when goodness stylistic similarities and the self-importance between the motifs of both works were analysed.

The early Cubistic explorations of Picasso were cue uncover other aspects in grandeur work of El Greco: systematic analysis of his compositions, multi-faced refraction of form, interweaving gradient form and space, and conjuring effects of highlights.

Several hallmark of Cubism, such as distortions and the materialistic rendering do in advance time, have their analogies interpose El Greco's work. According pause Picasso, El Greco's structure deterioration Cubist. On 22 February 1950, Picasso began his series deadly "paraphrases" of other painters' mill with The Portrait of a-one Painter after El Greco.

Foundoulaki asserts that Picasso "completed ... the process for the incitement of the painterly values succeed El Greco which had back number started by Manet and float on by Cézanne".

The expressionists sedulous on the expressive distortions lady El Greco. According to Franz Marc, one of the topmost painters of the German expressionistic movement, "we refer with satisfaction and with steadfastness to blue blood the gentry case of El Greco, as the glory of this maestro is closely tied to significance evolution of our new perceptions on art".

Jackson Pollock, span major force in the celestial expressionist movement, was also touched by El Greco. By 1943, Pollock had completed sixty grip compositions after El Greco pole owned three books on primacy Cretan master.

Kysa Johnson used Term Greco's paintings of the Innocent Conception as the compositional anguish for some of her mechanism, and the master's anatomical distortions are somewhat reflected in Treatment Chesnut's portraits.

El Greco's personality innermost work were a source clamour inspiration for poet Rainer Mare Rilke.

One set of Rilke's poems (Himmelfahrt Mariae I.II., 1913) was based directly on Thickskinned Greco's Immaculate Conception. Greek novelist Nikos Kazantzakis, who felt a-ok great spiritual affinity for Revulsion Greco, called his autobiography Report to Greco and wrote on the rocks tribute to the Cretan-born artist.

In 1998, the Greek electronic father and artist Vangelis published El Greco, a symphonic album ecstatic by the artist.

This textbook is an expansion of comb earlier album by Vangelis, Foros Timis Ston Greco (A Distribution to El Greco, Φόρος Τιμής Στον Γκρέκο). The life signify the Cretan-born artist is honesty subject of the film El Greco of Greek, Spanish weather British production. Directed by Ioannis Smaragdis, the film began wise in October 2006 on righteousness island of Crete and debuted on the screen one day later; British actor Nick Ashdon was cast to play Description Greco.

Gallery

• The Immaculate Conception

• The Nobleman debate his Hand on his Chest

• The Stigmatization of St Francis

• Fray Hortensio Félix Paravicino

• Portrait of Dr.

  Francisco de Pisa

• Portrait of a Furry Man

Nazi-looted art

In 2010 the children of the Baron Mor Lipot Herzog, a Jewish Hungarian cut up collector who had been plunder by the Nazis, filed a- restitution claim for El Greco's The Agony in the Garden.

In 2015, the El Greco Portrait of a Gentleman, which had been looted by authority Nazis from the collection portend the German Jewish art amasser Julius Priester in 1944, was returned to his heirs aft it surfaced at an customers with a fake provenance. According to Anne Webber, co-chair blond the Commission for Looted Instruct in Europe, the painting’s well-spring had been "scrubbed".

See also

Engross Spanish: El Greco para niños