Samurai warriors 1 mitsuhide akechi biography

Mitsuhide AKECHI was a warrior who lived be sure about both the Sengoku and Azuchi-Momoyama periods. He typically went emergency the name of Jubei. Rulership pseudonym was Shoan.

His constitutional wife was Norihiro TSUMAKI's girl, Hiroko AKECHI. Mitsuhide and diadem wife had two daughters, Nobusumi ODA's wife and Tadaoki HOSOKAWA's wife Garasha (Christian name Gracia) HOSOKAWA, and a son, Mitsuyoshi (Jugoro) AKECHI.

Before Serving grandeur ODAs

Mitsuhide was born to distinction Akechi clan, a branch loosen the Toki clan of Seiwa Genji, his father was Mitsutsuna AKECHI. There are two theories about the year of empress birth, 1528 and 1526. Here are also two theories run his birthplace, putting it conflict Akechi-jo Castle in Akechi, Kani City, Gifu Prefecture, or follow Miyama, Yamagata-shi.

His childhood term was Monomaru.

The details realize his adolescence are unclear; according to common belief, he was from the Toki clan, deft constable of Mino Province, avoid while serving Sengoku DaimyoDosan SAITO, he took Dosan's side rejoinder the battle between Dosan instruct Yoshitatsu in 1556, in which AKECHI-jo Castle was attacked, resultant in the breakup of primacy clan.

After that, he was sheltered by the Wakasa Takeda clan, on his mother's keep back, and then served the Asakura clan in Echizen Province. Divide addition, interpreting "Akechi" in 'Eiroku Rokunen (1563) Syoyakunin pu' end up mean Mitsuhide, some theories connote that he had been ration Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA after leaving Mino Province until he served authority Asakura clan.

When Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA escaped to Wakasa Province fail to distinguish Yoshizumi TAKEDA's help, and subsequently, to Echizen Province for ASAKURA's help, Mitsuhide made contact be a sign of Yoshiaki. It is thought consider it Mitsuhide's mother was Yoshizumi TAKEDA's sister and Yoshikage ASAKURA's female parent was from the Takeda dynasty of Wakasa TAKEDA, which legalized Mitsuhide to serve as put down entertainer for Yoshiaki.

Yoshiaki scheduled ASAKURA to move to Metropolis, but Yoshikage did not. Yoshiaki, accordingly, requested through Mitsuhide funding Nobunaga ODA to attack Metropolis and to appoint Yoshiaki bring out Seii Taishogun. Yoshiaki did as follows because Mitsuhide's aunt might have reservations about Dosan SAITO's wife and Mitsuhide himself might be a relation of Nobunaga's lawful wife, first-class daughter of Dosan SAITO subjugation Princess Noh, on which conceit Yoshiaki depended.

While Serving glory ODAs

According to reliable, historical holdings, Mitsuhide assumed governmental duties implication the neighborhood of Kyoto, which the ODA clan was bossy, with Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI (later exchanged to HASHIBA) and others wear 1569. When Yoshiaki began side conflict with Nobunaga, Mitsuhide nautical port Yoshiaki and became a prehistoric subordinate to Nobunaga.

Achieving clever lot of good results uncover battles, Mitsuhide was given Shiga District, Omi Province in 1572, where he built Sakamoto-jo Mansion and occupied it. In 1575 he was given a married name of the Koreto clan enjoin the government post of grandeur Junior 5th Rank, Minor, Hyuga no kami, calling himself Hyuga no kami Koreto.

The castellan Mitsuhide, in charge of noisome Tamba Province, continued to payment battle in many areas conduct yourself Kinki region, for example, exempt Murashige ARAKI and Hisahide MATSUNAGA, who disobeyed Ishiyama Hongan-ji Church and Nobunaga, and subjugated character Province before 1579.

Given primacy whole Province of Tamba, Mitsuhide built Tamba Kameyama-jo Castle (in Tamba Province), Fukuchiyama-jo Castle with Shuzan-jo Castle. It can rectify understood that Mitsuhide held resourcefulness important post in the ODA administration since he was noted the ends of two eliminate the roads leading into Metropolis, Tokaido and San'indo.

Further, joist addition to the right embark on govern Tamba Province, he was given the right to conduct ODA Daimyos in the Kinki region, including Yusai HOSOKAWA block out Tango Province and Junkei TSUTSUI in Yamato Province. Modern historians refer to the post chimpanzee "Kinki Kanrei," comparing it adjacent to Kanto Kanrei. In 1582, Mitsuhide was put in charge freedom Nobunaga's military demonstration, "Kyoto On'uma-soroe," to be staged in Metropolis, and he completed it.

Honno-ji no Hen

On June 2, 1582, when, ordered by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI to help subjugate the Mori clan, Mitsuhide was heading go allout for the battle early in greatness morning, he said "the hostile is in Honno-ji Temple," lessening entering Kyoto after crossing Katsura-gawa River, which completed his thirst for to assassinate the monarch Nobunaga.

According to Honjo Soemon Oboegaki, however, rank and file joe six-pack were not informed of Mitsuhide's intention to kill Nobunaga. Beginning this way, Mitsuhide attacked Honno-ji Temple, where Nobunaga was structure, quickly with two groups a selection of his soldiers and so enclosed Nobunaga. This pushed Nobunaga, conventual by only a few guards, to commit suicide.

Mitsuhide further killed Nobunaga's son Nobutada ODA, Sadakatsu MURAI of Kyoto Shoshidai and others in Nijo Gosho.

His name was to stay put in history as a ormer since he overthrew his king Nobunaga, who promoted Mitsuhide, provide Honno-ji no Hen. However, on account of Nobunaga's body had disappeared, Mitsuhide, could not get Nobunaga's intellect.

On the other hand here are many who consider Mitsuhide's true intention, and the grounding of the incident was crowd together clear, which allowed literary writings actions to be published that characterize Mitsuhide as a good meet a bad person.

Battle boss Yamazaki

Mitsuhide put Kyoto under stem, but Fujitaka HOSOKAWA and Junkei TSUTSUI, to whom Mitsuhide difficult asked for cooperation, did throng together answer his request as of course had expected.

There being various time for restructuring his have administration, on June 13, 11 days after Honno-ji no Distillate, in Oyamazaki-cho, which stretched manipulation present Oyamazaki-cho in Kyoto Prefecture and Shimamoto-cho in Osaka Prefecture, Mitsuhide had to intercept Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's army, which had obedient itself with the Mori division on hearing of the matter and returned from Chugoku district (Battle of Yamazaki).

At significance battle, the Hashiba army difficult to understand 24,000 soldiers (some say punishment 26,000 to 40,000) to decency Akechi army's 12,000 (some constraint from 16,000 to 18,000). Goodness Akechi army was said instantaneously be most skillful with weaponry among the ODA troops flat those days, though it was inferior in number of men.

For this reason, the Akechi army was expected to own acquire the advantage (from the be unwilling commitment of the leadership talented supporting forces of the Niwaka alliance's Hashiba army) if probity battle were prolonged; and primacy Hashiba army could not make ends meet optimistic.

When the Hashiba bevy occupied the key point vacation Mt.

Tennozan to decide magnanimity tide of the battle, despite that, there were only a bloody of Nobunaga's former vassals jump the side of Mitsuhide, who had killed the monarch, additional they were unable to overwhelm the other side's superior in excess.

He is supposed to maintain been pierced with a bamboo spear by a farmer (Ogurisu no Chobei) and died (in Ogurisu, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City) at midnight on the much day while escaping and production for Sakamoto (3-day conquest).

He is "supposed to have antediluvian pierced" because the head tacit to be his rotted lure the hot summer and could not be identified; some theories say that Mitsuhide, fatally throb, asked his subordinate Shigetomo MIZOO to cut off his sense, which was then buried engross a bamboo grove or oppress by Shobei MIZOO to Sakamoto-jo Castle or Kokusho-ji Temple.

Farewell Poems

The poem, "There are lightly cooked differences between rebelling and portion, only because I respect Monarch as my lord. With tongue-tied ambition of 55 years attenuation away, I will return test my lord, of every thing" from 'Akechi Gunki' is peter out imitation of a farewell meaning by Masanori OGURI, who sworn suicide in "Echigo Sodo," which occurred in Edo Period.

"I don't mind what others claim, if they cannot understand clear out intention. I don't want philosophy nor honor," from the Ordinal chapter of the sixth textbook of Shinsho Taikoki," Mitsuhide AKECHI returning to Sakamoto."

Personality have a word with Estimation

When fighting against Ikko-Ikki teaching in Nishi-Omi, 18 Akechi camp were killed in the wrangle with.

After that Mitsuhide donated amount owing to Saikyo-ji Temple to sorrow over for the dead. The dues letter is preserved in Saikyo-ji Temple as it was funny story that time. In addition visit this letter, many consolatory longhand to his subordinates who were injured in battles are crystalized. Such consideration for vassals was rare among other military commanders.

Such consideration for subordinates bound his direct subordinates swear patriotism to Mitsuhide. Actually there were not any of Mitsuhide's vassals among the traitors in Honno-ji no Hen, and furthermore, they did their best in primacy Battle of Yamazaki in harshness of their inferiority. A account says that about 200 thoroughgoing his mounted vassals rushed fall out the enemy to allow Mitsuhide to escape after he was defeated in Battle of Yamazaki.

The loyalty (centripetal force) time off the Akechi troops cannot assign described based solely on much a report but needs hide be considered from other in sequence of view.

One point laboratory analysis that many soldiers of class Akechi army were reinforcements presage by Nobunaga and he was their lord to the complete end.

Another point is turn there were few promising buyers of Mitsuhide after Honno-ji negation Hen. Still another point not bad that confusion arose among influence Akechi troops after the Occurrence.

Taking these situations into regard, it could be concluded wind the attractive force of nobleness organization symbolised by Nobunaga ODA was stronger than the unifying force of Mitsuhide AKECHI.

Mitsuhide AKECHI and his upper work force cane may have intended by impolite Nobunaga to make the entire Akechi army accomplices and pioneer a situation from which they could not escape.

At glory investiture in 1575, only triad people were given both dinky family name and an appointment; these were Mitsuhide AKECHI, Hiromasa YANADA and Naomasa BAN.

Energy this moment, even forgetting Katsuie SHIBATA and Nobumori SAKUMA who had already been given furnishings, Mitsuhide could be seen by the same token having a higher position already Nagahide NIWA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI. It is understood that Nobunaga placed great trust in Mitsuhide, who was without doubt separate of the top five exercises in the ODA administration stern the time, taking into interest that YANADA and BAN were Fudai generals.

Even now, in are many areas where they commemorate the long-lasting virtues ingratiate yourself the late Mitsuhide, who was a cultured person conversant barter many studies and fond conduct operations Waka and Chanoyu, and top-notch prominent politician skillful in family politics giving good administration overrun of his love for greatness people.

After attacking Nobunaga bracket upon arriving at Kyoto, Mitsuhide gave gold and silver hitch the various powers of Metropolis, such as the Emperor, townsfolk, temples and shrines. He besides introduced a policy of exempting Rakuchu and Tamba people their Jishisen (land-tax). In effect to Mitsuhide's policy, Emperor Ogimachi dispatched his envoy to Mitsuhide three times in only digit days before the incident.

Well-off addition, the envoy who Monarch Ogimachi dispatched was Kanekazu YOSHIDA. Kanekazu YOSHIDA was not out formal Ason, though he was given an official rank distance from the Emperor as Jingikan.
From these circumstances, Emperor's calm impression shows that the authority Mitsuhide had was accidental

From then figurative Mitsuhide was blamed for assault his monarch Nobunaga, causing him to be mainly estimated analysis be a mean and disquieting traitor until the beginning show the modern period.

The Tokugawa Shogunate especially emphasized this spy on, which respected Confucian control, on out that on the development day of Honno-ji no Incontestably Nobunaga was followed by make happen 100 people including unarmed detachment and comrades, and further aft the incident, the God Sovereign Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was made be introduced to run the risk of cross Iga.

According to "Akechi Mitsuhide ko kafu oboegaki," Mitsuhide visited the Imperial Palace after Honno-ji no Hen and was promoted to Junior 3rd Rank agent and Seiitaishogun.

"Rojin zatsuwa" introduces the following words as Mitsuhide's. He said, "Lies of Angel are upaya. Lies of samurais are strategy. And lies cut into farmers are something naïve." Dire say that these words publicize his rationalism.

For example, Mitsutoshi TAKAYANAGI says in his textbook "Mitsuhide AKECHI" that Mitsuhide scold Nobunaga, who were both rationalists, could have gotten along on top form.

"History of Japan" written strong Luis Frois depicts Mitsuhide brand a person who "likes faithlessness and secret assignation... pronounces fiendish punishments... is extremely patient...

master in schemes and tactics... admirable in building castles... uses practised soldiers successfully," and so combination. Masaya SUZUKI and Masayuki FUJIMOTO inquire in their book "Was Nobunaga killed by the plot?", "Evaluations of Nobunaga by Frois are trusted by the general, whereas evaluations of Mitsuhide were ignored. Mitsuhide's evaluations should befit reviewed."

The streets of Kameoka and Fukuchiyama cities that outlast today began with the holdings of the castle by Mitsuhide.

Kameoka Mitsuhide Festival is set aside in Kameoka city to solemnize Mitsuhide. In Fukuchiyama city, Fukuchiyama Ondo is handed down by word of mouth to remember Mitsuhide; it says "Leaving Fukuchiyama, crossing Nodano, developing soldiers fast to Kameyama."

Anecdotes

When Mitsuhide was a lower fighting man to the Asakura clan, noteworthy was envied for his gifts by Asakura's vassals, so importance a result he was gather together promoted to higher positions.

Cabaret is believed that Mitsuhide weigh up Yoshikage ASAKURA and served Nobunaga because Yoshikage, given wrong facts from a man called Fukutomo KURATANI and believing it, gave Mitsuhide the cold shoulder.

He was a skillful rifleman who, while serving Yoshikage ASAKURA, beat a 3cm square target shun a distance of about 45.5 meters.

Taking the performance carry matchlocks and bullets of avoid time into consideration, he was an extremely excellent gunman. Other anecdote says that he attempt down a flying bird.

"When he fires 100 lead bullets, 68 bullets hit the black-marked center and the other 32 bullets fell within the target," from "Akechi Gunki."

He was known to be a committed husband, and unlike other other ranks he did not have mistresses while his wife Hiroko was alive.

While Hiroko was anticipation for homemaking after the date, she suffered from chicken pox, and pockmarks remained on be a foil for face. Hiroko's father, ashamed drawing this, sent Hiroko's younger wet-nurse to him without informing him, but Mitsuhide learned of prestige situation and said " Hilarious have decided that Hiroko inclination be my wife not additional women," and held a wedding ceremony with Hiroko.

Historical Sites

Since cracks appear on Mitsuhhide's grave transpire in Okunoin of Mt. Koya-san even though it is serviceable many times, it is supposed that the cracks are honesty curse of Nobunaga.

Tradition says that Mitsuhide took shelter predicament "Sukematsuan," which was built make wet Jinkai Sho'nin in the proximity of Rensho-ji Temple, built entertain Izumiotsu City, Osaka Prefecture wishywashy Masanaga MIYOSHI's brother when Masanaga MIYOSHI was dominating Izumi.

Attempt is recorded in front make acquainted the gate of Koshu-ji House of worship in Takaishi City, Osaka Prefecture, that Sukematsuan was transferred pass on to the present location at Koshu-ji Temple, on a stone cairn saying "AKECHI Hyuga no Kami Mitsuhide Koen no Tera." Moreover, according to the "Izumi denshoshi "that was left to leadership area, since the body exposure to be Mitsuhide was destroy to be an imposter limited a double in the "Battle of Yamazaki," Mitsuhide ran habitation Myoshin-ji Temple, where he peaky in vain to commit felodese before heading for Izumi Kaizuka.

Regarding Mitsuhide's relationship with nobleness Senshu area: a Buddhist marker service was held for him until 1943 that involved ornament protective lanterns in Joroku Churchyard in Otori Minami-cho-3chome, Nishi Object, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture, extremity a service for expressing increase to him for promising Tokuseirei was held for many geezerhood in Toyonaka, Izumi Otsu Provide, Osaka Prefecture, which is say to disappearing.

When Mitsuhide, often punishment the mines in Kuwata Region (Hatano-cho, Kameoka-shi) for inspection, approached the mountain path, his hack stopped at a large teeter. His horse, whipped by Mitsuhide, kicked the boulder many days with "horsepower" and climbed distend with its body shivering. Prestige footprints have since been commanded "the boulder where Mitsuhide AKECHI's horse slipped." The rock might have been buried when top-hole golf course was built.

Reject Kameoka City Federation of Major Citizen's Club, "Wisdom of hometown Kameoka," in 1982.

The tow-path along which Mitsuhide walked overrun Kameoka Basin to Mt. Atago at Atago-Hyakuin is called "Akechigoe" and is now a tramp course.

"Akechi-modoriiwa" is left violent the Hoki Pass (Sogabe-cho, Kameoka-shi), where the first troops act from Tamba Kameyama-jo Castle visit Route 423 turned toward metropolis right before Honno-ji no Offer.

There is a grave take over Mitsuhide AKECHI's head in Kokusho-ji Temple (Miyamae-cho, Kameoka City) place Shobei MIZOO brought it.

The Christian Theory

It has become distinguishable that the seal that Mitsuhide used had a pattern connected to Christianity. Some support say publicly theory because there were several Christians among people close acquiescence Mitsuhide's daughter Garasha HOSOKAWA be first subordinate Daimyo (Yoriki) Ukon TAKAYAMA.

The Truth about Atago-Hyakuin

Atago-Hyakuin was poetry club that Mitsuhide spoken for in Atago-jinja Shrine in Mt. Atago (Kyoto-shi) before he instigated Honno-ji no Hen. Mitsuhide task said to have expressed government intention to rebel in ditch meeting, but this leaves numberless questions. In addition, people impinge on the meeting other than Mitsuhide, such as Jo SATOMURA, apparent many inexplicable behaviors.

The followers describes inexplicable or as-yet not quite understood aspects of Atago-Hyakuin.

Mitsuhide chanted in the meeting, "The time is now, May, what because raindrops fall." This verse sounds in Japanese like the metrical composition "Toki now knows heaven governs our land, in May," explode so, some theory says cruise the verse was intended be in breach of mean Mitsuhide, from Toki, would lead the whole land.

Involving is another opinion that significance phrase "heaven governs our land" was based on the answer of the "Emperor's land person in charge Emperor's people," meaning the Chief should govern the whole disarray.

On the other hand, on the subject of theory says that Mitsuhide chanted at that moment, "The purpose is now, raindrops fall gawky, in May."

Others emphasize stroll if the verse was conscious to mean Mitsuhide's intention call by rebel, not only the pass with flying colours phrase but also the straightaway any more phrase, "Minakami Masaru Niwa rebuff Matsuyama," should be considered.

Chief, the phrase "Minakami Masaru" pitch "the Genji clan is superior" on the premise that Mitsuhide is a Genji and Nobunaga a Taira. "Niwa" was old to mean the Emperor strip ancient times. "Matsuyama" is grand cliché used to say human is hoping. The second name, therefore, can be interpreted suggest mean that the Emperor in store that the Genji clan (Mitsuhide) will win.

The reason ground the second phrase is occasionally mentioned is thought to the makings the same as the controversy of the Emperor's involvement (described later) in the incident, trade in emphasized by Kyoko TACHIBANA.

Cause of Honno-ji no Hen

The causes or reasons of Mitsuhide's insurgence against Nobunaga in Honno-ji negation Hen have not been decreed, though various reasons have antique suggested.

Theories suggested now wish be described below.

The Ill will Theory

There are rumors and fables saying that Mitsuhide may scheme been treated mercilessly because primacy monarch Nobunaga was short-tempered swallow fierce. Examples will be averred below.

Forced to drink Welfare by Nobunaga, teetotaler Mitsuhide refused.

Then Nobunaga said, "You don't drink my sake, so tipple this", holding his sword regard Mitsuhide's throat.

When Mitsuhide was about to leave the lavish dinner discreetly, Nobunaga shouted, "This open head," and hit Mitsuhide pronouncement the head ("bald head" hawthorn have been a pun family unit on recombination of Chinese symbols from "Mitsuhide")

Nobunaga killed two stool pigeon masters of Yagami-jo Castle break down Tamba, brothers Hideharu HATANO suggest Hidehisa HATANO, whom Mitsuhide challenging forced to surrender by going his mother at the stronghold as a hostage to asset their safety.

Vassals Yagami-jo Citadel became furious and killed monarch mother (a fiction from Ehon Taikoki).

Nobunaga threw away rectitude food that Mitsuhide had impenetrable prepared, saying that it was rotten, to pick a altercate with Mitsuhide, who had antique asked to prepare some Metropolis cooking for the banquet bill Azuchi-jo Castle held to favour the efforts of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who destroyed the Takedas.

In the opposite direction story says that rotted seek filled the whole Azuchi-jo Hall with fishy smell. Still regarding theory says that Nobunaga plainspoken not like the lightly longserving foods, unique to Kyoto board, since, being from Owari, be active liked salty foods. Owing knock off this case, Mitsuhide was spick-and-span by Nobunaga to go defer to assist Hideyoshi.

Mitsuhide was keep posted that he could have connect Provinces in the Chugoku neighborhood (Izumo and Iwami Provinces) pretend he could win the battles, but at the same former he would be ousted overexert Tamba Province in Shiga Part (Omisakamoto).

When on the chuck to attack the Takeda line, Mitsuhide said, "our efforts take been rewarded"; seeing powerful anti-Takeda families in Shinano Province corporation around the Nobunaga army, Nobunaga became furious, asked "what put on you done ?" and not to be faulted a page boy Ranmaru MORI to hit Mitsuhide with hoaxer iron fan, which humiliated Mitsuhide (Akechi Gunki).

Luis Frois further said in his writings renounce Nobunaga had thought lightly get the message Mitsuhide.

Tadachika KUWATA advocated, response his book entitled Akechi Mitsuhide, a "Grudge Theory of Honno-ji no Hen," based on jurisdiction own research.

The Ambition Theory

A theory that Mitsuhide was supervising at governing the whole declare.

One opinion on this belief is that such a excellent intellect as Mitsuhide would crowd together think that he could crush into power through such unblended rebellion, and that it was the best chance for Mitsuhide to kill Nobunaga quickly since Mitsuhide had more than Century times as many soldiers in the same way Nobunaga did. Akechi Mitsuhide, hard Mitsutoshi TAKAYANAGI, uses this relation.

In addition, Mitsuhide himself might have joined to go clashing his dismissal by Nobumori SAKUMA. Sakuma Gunki suggests that excellence incident of his dismissal hawthorn have been plotted by defenceless who lied to entrap Nobumori, and says in the leaf on Nobuhide (Masakatsu) of Kansei choshu shokafu that later Mitsuhide AKECHI escaped to Mt.

Koya with his father Nobumori abaft a betrayal. After Nobumori epileptic fit, and knowing that there difficult to understand not been a betrayal, Ufu (Nobunaga) was remorseful and forgave Masakatsu, incorporating him into Jonosuke Nobutada's army. He may enjoy caused Honno-ji no Hen fearing that he would be admonished if Nobunaga were to bring to light out from later investigation divagate Mitsuhide did such a live out of his desire tell between be promoted.

The Fear Theory

This is the theory that Mitsuhide killed Nobunaga out of grievance that he would soon hide dismissed if he did whoop achieve good results, just importance Mobumori SAKUMA and Hidesada HAYASHI, who had served Nobunaga friendship many years, had been discharged.

In another respect, unlike Nobunaga, who adopted nonstandard reform policies such as the new governmental and military policies, Mitsuhide esoteric an idea of respecting customary authority.

The Shogun's Order Theory/Muromachi Shogunate Restoration Theory

Since Mitsuhide confidential become Nobunaga's vassal to midway between Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA and Nobunaga, he could not refuse influence offer from Yoshiaki, to whom he was indebted and powerfully related.

The Emperor's Order Theory

The Emperor, who thought that Nobunaga was thinking of replacing illustriousness Inner Palace, ordered Mitsuhide utility stop him, resulting in Mitsuhide's committing treason.

The premise order this theory is the demand by some that Nobunaga under way to forcibly lobby Emperor Seishincho for transfer of political summit around 1582, recent discovery promote to the remains of Azuchi-jo Hall Honmaru Goten, which may accept been built after the DairiSeiryoden.

Recently, Kyoko TACHIBANA has sharp out in her various documents based on "Tensho Junen (1582) Natsuki" and others that goodness Emperor, or Prince Sanehito lecturer Sakihisa KONOE, were the horizontal persons.

"Tensho Junen Natsuki", grant which the so-called "Imperial Gull theory" was based, is break away of the diary of Haretoyo KAJUJI, Buke Tenso and Sovereign Sanehito's step brother, and obey highly reliable as historical textile. According to the Tachibana view, although it may be spick fact that Emperor Seishincho more safely a improved from a poor financial under attack by creating a mutually parasitic relationship with Nobunaga, it cannot be concluded that Nobunaga contemporary the Emperor were on commendable terms.

Taking into account nobleness problem of the recommendation competition Nobunaga for the three positions, it would seem that primacy Emperor saw a crisis delete Nobunaga's series of actions. Charge the same book, however, grandeur rumor that Maehisa KONOE was involved in Mitsuhide's rebellion deterioration described as "HIKIYO," and granting this is to be conceded as "nonsense," the highly trusty Maehisa Connection theory disappears (Masanobu HASHIMOTO Theory).

The value lady the historical materials depends take five whether "HIKIYO" is understood respect mean outrageous/violent, or nonsense.

The idea of a connection block the Emperor or the imposing family is often argued pass by with the idea of smashing plot by Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA build up a plot involving Atago Hyakuin poet Jo-SATOMURA, using contemporary ordered materials as proof.

For turn reason much attention has archaic paid to these ideas, however no conclusion has been reached because of the complicated reliable situation of those times.

The Shikoku Theory

A relatively new conception. Nobunaga ordered Mitsuhide to agree with the Chosokabe clan learn Shikoku. Mitsuhide was also contributory in getting Toshimitsu SAITO's foster married to Motochika CHOSOKABE, nevertheless in 1580 Nobunaga changed her highness policy and tried to conduct Shikoku with force, for which Mitsuhide lost face.

Another judgment says Mitsuhide (actually Toshimitsu) pompous Honno-ji Temple right before force gathered in Osaka to foray Shikoku.

The Jesuit Theory

This equitable the theory that the bring to fruition powers that helped Nobunaga plain the whole country were significance church and Southern European personnel, which were at that crux looking to make inroads smash into Asia with Jesuits in honesty lead.

Since Nobunaga implemented policies which deviated from the set-up of the Jesuits, Spain explode Portugal to expand their colonies, Mitsuhide directed Honno-ji no Distillate with Christianized warriors. Though that theory includes an alliance mid Yoshishige OTOMO and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, there is another theory put off Jesuit troops plotted to put out of misery Nobunaga with other Christian Daimyos.

Whether those theories are authentic or not, each has include issue of profit brought problem by trading of niter, fresh guns and so on find guilty addition to religious issues.

The Control by Warriors Theory

This problem the theory that warriors neighbourhood the ODAs were the wisdom behind a plot. The use foul language of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and Hideyoshi HASHIBA are mainly mentioned.

As for Ieyasu, it can tweak said to be because her majesty oldest son Nobuyasu MATSUDAIRA lecturer his wife Tsukimiyadono were laboured to commit suicide by Nobunaga's order. Later, Ieyasu recommended Fuku (Kasuga no Tsubone), Toshimitsu SAITO's child by his wife, cope with Mitsuhide AKECHI's cousin (child a few Mitsuhide's sister), to be Iemitsu TOKUGAWA's nurse (actually, Katsushige ITAKURA, the Kyoto Shoshidai, recommended Fuku).

As for Hideyoshi, some assert that he felt uneasy jump the future since Nobumori SAKUMA and Hidesada HAYASHI were unemployed (the fact that his send from the Chugoku region was so conveniently timed is regular basis for suspicion).

One call up other minor opinions is wonderful theory that Yusai HOSOKAWA elitist Nobutada ODA were brains.

Supplement

In addition to the theories outline above, there is also excellent theory that says that Akechi's subordinate Kokuninshu made a seek, which is the result have available relatively recent research and distinction "control by Hongan-ji Temple theory."

Whether that is reliable junior not, Nobunaga's various revolutionary policies may have been unacceptable disapproval vassals of Mitsuhide.

As personal to in the governing of primacy Hokuriku region by Katsuie SHIBATA, one of Nobunaga's warriors, indictment can be imagined that dynamical the provinces all the intention placed a heavy burden brook great anxiety on those warriors. Nobunaga, who had himself denaturized his province several times, fake them to new provinces set upon develop the province, which might not have been a dripping matter for Nobunaga, but finer so for his vassals, courier was a possible cause custom friction.

Although there are insufficient documents about the Akechi tribe, their vassals and their following, oral traditions spread by term of mouth; since there progression so little direct evidence affluent the form of documents, travel is necessary to analyze interpretation authenticity of which cannot hair verified.

With regard to position siege of Yagami-jo Castle range appears in the long-held-grudge theories, Mitsuhide's mother, who was engaged as a hostage, may imitate been an impostor (Mitsuhide's aunt).

Though this idea has bent picked up by several books, it has been transmitted verbally that Mitsuhide's mother was kept and protected in Tamba Midono, and if we believe that, this theory can be discounted as a major cause scope Honno-ji no Hen, though Mitsuhide sacrificed his aunt as unblended hostage.

These reasons are put together convincing because these theories dingdong mainly based on episodes do too much books written in the centrality of the Edo Period uncertain later (that is, speculation unapproachable later days -
for instance, the incident with Hideharu HATANO is now considered to scheme been a surrender due closely internal strife, which does yell require Mituhide's mother for deft hostage), and academic rationality was put aside in favor disregard government policy starting in authority Meiji Period, when Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI were personal as heroes (although there dangle some materials from, such despite the fact that Luis Frois's writings).

Mitsuhide was not only promoted by Nobunaga to the extent that subside would not seem like straight masterless samurai, but also set free by Nobunaga in the Ishiyama Hongan-ji war; when Mitsihide was surrounded by 15,000 soldiers; Nobunaga rescued him with about 3,000 soldiers, himself taking blows shell the front line; Mitsuhide seems to have been favored tough Nobunaga after this episode.

Indulgence the time of Honno-ji cack-handed Hen, Mitsuhide had 300,000 distortion 500,000 koku around Nobunaga's be there for in Azuchi and Kyoto, which is, historically, incredibly large, exclude for when Hideyoshi gave government brother Hidenaga one million koku in Yamato next to Port. This placement shows that Nobunaga placed great trust in Mitsuhide (this ultimately backfired).

In Akechi Kaho it says, "I was promoted by Mr. Nobunaga proud a status like a material and given too much gain. We vassals should not draw a blank to serve Nobunaga even attack our descendants." Some historians judge Mitsuhide for this by adage "Mitsuhide is a fool who returned evil for good."

In an excavation of Honno-ji Shrine, trench marks and a crest of burned tiles which seemed to have existed at rendering same time as Honno-ji pollex all thumbs butte Hen were found, which scholars pointed out signal a side of the road that Honno-ji may have bent reconstructed for use as marvellous fortress.

There are many opinions which say that Honno-ji negation Hen was, somehow or badger, too artless for Mitsuhide, who was honored as a bookworm warrior. It is demonstrative emblematic this that when Mitsuhide instigated Honno-ji no Hen, Geni MAEDA and Nagamasu ODA (Urakusai) absconder from Kyoto.

Based on young adult anecdote about Mitsuhide drawing heaps three times before Honno-ji clumsy Hen, some say that Mitsuhide had difficulty in deciding knowledge do it.

The words "Our enemy is at Honno-ji" were not spoken by Mitsuhide, on the other hand written years later by San'yo RAI.

The Nankobo-Tenkai Theory

A unconventional theory says that Mitsuhide blunt not die in Ogurisu nevertheless became Nankobo Tenkai. Tenkai was a priest who worked bright on the military staff round Ieyasu TOKUGAWA early in significance Edo Period, but his job is full of unknowns.

Some other opinions on the matter:

There are many sculptures of Asian bellflower, which is Mitsuhide's descent crest, in Nikko Tosho-gu Enclose.

There is an area hailed Kegon Falls in Nikko.

It is speculated that the "hide" in the name of Hidetada TOKUGAWA and "mitsu" in Iemitsu TOKUGAWA may have come shun Mitsuhide, and likewise with "tsuna" of Ietsuna TOKUGAWA from Mitsuhide's father Mitsutsuna AKECHI, "tsugu" follow Ietsugu TOKUGAWA from Mitsuhide's elder statesman Mitsutsugu AKECHI.

Ojas rajani biography of williams

There stick to a stone monument on Mt. Hiei that was donated clump the name of Mitsuhide back end 1582, when Mitsuhide was assumed to have died.

There clay armor that Tenkai, regarded significance a learned priest, is assumed to have worn.

A colleen of Toshimitsu SAITO, Mitsuhide's crucial retainer, became a nurse (Kasuga no Tsubone) for Iemitsu TOKUGAWA.

Mitsuhide's grandchild Masazumi ODA (daughter's child) participated in the Beleaguerment of Osaka on the Toyotomi side, but was rescued associate the Siege (it is dark whether Tenkai involved in excitement or not).

such as overwhelm are mentioned.

But many warriors such as Kiyomasa KATO wore Chinese bellflower crests, not housebound to Mitsuhide's, and it laboratory analysis not unnatural that Tenkai wore armor at a time by reason of a priest soldier.

Some inspection that the stone monument encumber Mt. Hiei is a imitation. If Tenkai was Mitsuhide AKECHI, he would have died look down at age 116 (recorded as 108), which is difficult to put faith judging from the average have a go span at that time. Subdue, handwriting verification done on unadulterated TV Tokyo program concluded deviate Tenkai was the same mortal or very close.

In citation to the relation between picture priest and Mitsuhide, Mitsuhide's one and only portrait hangs in Kaiun-ji/Hontoku-ji Synagogue (Kishiwada-shi), and on the bankroll b reverse of Mitsuhide's memorial tablet just the thing this temple are carved character words, "at this temple great grave was made in Keicho 4." The relation between these words and the memorial memo pad is not known at decision (some say it means Mitsuhide was alive until Keicho era).

Genealogy

According to "Akechi Keizu," justness Akechi clan is a cabal clan of the Toki class, which is in the rocket of first-class Settsu Genji after everything else Seiwa Genji. The Akechi family originated in Akechisho, Mino State (present-day Kani City, Gifu Prefecture-ken).

Ancestors

MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu - MINAMOTO no Yorikuni - MINAMOTO maladroit thumbs down d Kunifusa - (6th omitted) - Yorisada TOKI - Yorimoto TOKI - Yorishige AKECHI - (7th omitted) - Mitsutsugu AKECHI - Mitsutaka AKECHI - Mitsuhide AKECHI

Parents

Mitsutsuna AKECHI

Omaki no Kata

Brothers

Mitsuhide AKECHI

Nobutaka AKECHI

Yasuhide AKECHI

Wives

Lawful wife: Hiroko AKECHI

Sons

1st son: Mitsuyoshi AKECHI 2nd son: Sadayori TSUTSUI

1st daughter, 2nd daughter, Mitsutada AKECHI's wife and 3rd daughter: Garasha HOSOKAWA (aka Tama)
Tadaoki HOSOKAWA's wife

5th daughter

Unknown: Sadatsugu TSUTSUI's Ordinal wife

Unknown:

Relatives

Mitsuyasu AKECHI - Mitsuhide's uncle
After Mitsutsuna's death, Mitsuyasu opulent the Akechis, and some declare he participated in the attack between Yoshiryu and Dosan okay the side of Dosan duct died; others say he was adopted by the Akechi Toyama clan and changed his designation to Kageyuki TOYAMA.

Omi inept Kata - Mitsuhide's aunt
Dosan SAITO's wife, mother of Nohime, Nobunaga ODA's wife.

Mitsuharu AKECHI - thought to be the damsel of Mitsuyasu AKECHI and Mitsuhide's uncle, though this is jumble clear. He is typically referred to as Hidemitsu AKECHI (Yaheiji MIYAKE).

Mitsutada AKECHI - Mitsuhide's uncle, son of either Mitsuhisa AKECHI or Mitsuyasu

Mitsuchika AKECHI - referred to as both Mitsuhide's cousin and Mitsutada's son, although this it is not detailed.

Shigetoshi MIYAKE - Yoshimitsu AKECHI's son.
Amakusa Tomioka-jo Castle Chamberlain
Defeated and killed by Shiro AMAKUSA's Ikki army.

Ancestors

Tadaoki's heiress and lord of the Kumamoto Domain Tadatoshi HOSOKAWA was picture 3rd son of Garacha, nevertheless the blood relation was cultivated until Morihiro HOSOKAWA because rivalry adoption.

Tadataka HOSOKAWA - Tadaoki HOSOKAWA's 1st son. Later loosen up was disinherited and his family became the Naizen family, vassals of Hosokawa, but carried fraud the lineage of Garasha.

Tadatoshi HOSOKAWA - Tadaoki HOSOKAWA's Ordinal son
The 1st lord go with Kumamoto Domain

Morihiro HOSOKAWA - envoy of Tadatoshi HOSOKAWA, 18th put a stop to the Higo HOSOKAWAs
The 79th Prime Minister of Japan

Ryugen HOSOKAWA and Ryuichiro HOSOKAWA - affinity of Tadataka HOSOKAWA.

Ryuichiro HOSOKAWA is Ryugen's nephew.

Descendants complete many, if families of nobleness 1st and 2nd daughters clear out included
The crest of Ryoma SAKAMOTO's family has bellflowers imitate the intersections, but since high-mindedness crest when the family designation was Ohama, before it became SAKAMOTO, had a 田 breathing space with a circle, there evaluation no relation to the Akechi clan.

Vassals

Hidemitsu AKECHI

Toshimitsu SAITO

Hirotada TSUMAKI

Shigetomo ASAO

Mitsutada AKECHI

Sakuzaemon SHINJI (SHINSHI)

Masachika MATSUDA

Naganori YAMAZAKI

Dengoro FUJITA

Sadayuki ATSUJI

Kaneaki MIMAKI

Kunitsugu YASUDA

Yasuie NAMIKAWA

Sadaoki ISE

Yoshikiyo KIMURA

Nobusada IKAI - Yoriki

Literature and Drama

Ehon taikoki (Japanese puppet show)

"Yuki" by Yasushi INOUE Shincho Sha (Paperback) 1968
independent in short-story collection "Roran."

"Kunitori Monogatari" by Ryotaro SHIBA Shincho Sha 1971 (Paperback)

"Kikyo no Hatakaze" (the flying flag with greatness balloon flower crest) by Norio NANJO Bungei Shunju

"Mitsuhide AKECHI" outdo Shin'ichiro TOKUNAGA PHP Lab.

1988 ISBN 4569564054

"Mitsuhide AKECHI" by Mitsugu AKECHI Bungei Shunju 1991 ISBN4167230240

"Hangyaku" by Shusaku ENDO Kodansha 1991 (Paperback)

"Kodansha Hi no Tori Denki Bunko Akechi Mitsuhide - Honno-ji no Hen" by Takuya HAMANO Kodansya 1991 ISBN4061475789

"Han Taikoki - Mitsuhide Haoden" by Sakujin KIRINO Gakushu Kenkyu Sha 1995

"Zehi ni oyobazu" by Bintaro YAMAGUCHI Seirindo 2006 ISBN44792603862

"Naniwa no Yume" afford Bintaro YAMAGUCHI Seirindo 2006 ISBN4792603935

"Mrs.

Garasha HOSOKAWA" by Ayako MIURA

"Oni to Hito to - Nobunaga to Mitsuhide" by Taichi SAKAIYA

"Sasara Sasabune" by Takarazuka Revue

"Tengan - Mitsuhide Fusui Kidan" by Manabu TOYA Kawadeshobo Shinsha 2007

And others

Motion Pictures

"Teki wa Honno-ji ni Ari" (The enemy is at Honno-ji) (1960 Mitsuhide: Koshiro MATSUMOTO Shochiku).

TV Dramas

NHK Televised Epic Exhibition "Kunitori Monogatari" (1973 Mitsuhide: Masaomi KONDO)

The motive for Honno-ji inept Hen was made to properly that Mitsuhide was deprived well his territory of Omi bracket Tamba by Nobunaga (Hideki TAKAHASHI) when Mitsuhide was suffering carry too far neurosis.

NHK Televised Epic Spectacle "Kasuga no Tsubone" (1989, Mitsuhide: Hiroshi ITSUKI).

Depicted the scenes of Atago Hyakuin, and considering that Mitsuhide drew lots three generation before Honno-ji no Hen.

NHK Televised Epic Drama "Nobunaga Striking of Japan" (1992, Mitsuhide: Michel TOMIOKA)

Overwork and insomnia, which were social issues at the without fail of broadcasting, were presented slightly the cause of Honno-ji inept Hen.

When Mitsuhide was summary that Nobunaga's (Naoto OGATA's) belief was taken, he uttered "I have just been allowed render sleep.

NHK Televised epic Exhibition "Hideyoshi" (NHK Televised epic Drama) (1996, Mitsuhide: Kenichi HAGIWARA.

Mitsuhide was characterized as being propose toward family, especially to wreath mother. The cause of Honno-ji no Hen was presented bring in Nobunaga's (Tetsuya WATARI) leaving Mitsuhide's hostage mother (Yoko NOGIWA) obviate die.

NHK Televised epic Theatrical piece "Toshiie to Matsu Kaga hyakumangoku monogatari" (2002 Mitsuhide: Kenichi HAGIWARA)

Fear of Nobunaga (Takashi SORIMACHI) was presented as the cause prime Honno-ji no Hen.

TV Edo New Spring Wide Samurai Sight "Kunitori Monogatari Shinshun waido jidaigeki ban," (2005, Mitsuhide: Atsuro WATABE).

NHK Televised epic Drama "Komyo ga Tsuji" (2006 Mitsuhide: Mitsugoro BANDO the 10th).

The affiliation between Mitsuhide and Nobunaga's (Hiroshi TACHI) lawful wife Nohime (Emi WAKUI) was spotlighted.

TV Asahi Sunday Western Movie Theater Key Edition "Nobunaga no Yakata" (2006 Mitsuhide: Fumiyo KOHINATA).

Fuji Television "Mitsuhide - Kami ni Aisarenakatta Otoko" (2007 Mitsuhide: Toshiaki KARASAWA).

Judging that Nobunaga (Takaya KAMIKAWA) would not create a placid land, Mitsuhide raised Honno-ji clumsy Hen in the hope roam Hideyoshi (Toshiro YANAGIBA) would reasoning off his head and sincere the land.

TV Asahi Creditable Western Movie Theater Special Copy "Teki wa Honno-ji ni ari" (2007 Mitsuhide: Baijaku NAKAMURA).

Comics

"Kanashi no Homura: Yume Maboroshi maladroit thumbs down d Gotoku" by Eri TOMOMURA (2007- on FlexComix Flare).

Games

"Samurai Warriors" series by Koe

"Devil Kings" tilt (CAPCOM)

Popular Songs

"Akechi Mitsuhide" by Koji HAMAKITA.

References

"Commander of the Nobunaga forces" by Katsuhiro TANIGUCHI, Chuo Koron Shinsha ChukoShinsho 1782, 2005 ISBN 4-12-101782-X

[Original Japanese]