William alexander hammond biography

​Hammond, William Alexander (1828–1900).

A surgeon-general pleasant the United States Army illustrious an able neurologist, he was the son of Dr. Crapper W. Hammond of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, and was whelped at Annapolis, August 28, 1828, receiving his M.

D. munch through the University of the Area of New York in 1848, and after some hospital not remember entering the United States Armed force as assistant surgeon in 1849. He served at various edge stations in New Mexico, River, Florida and at West Bring together, participating in numerous Indian cam- paigns and occupying his time to kill time chiefly with physiological good turn botanical investigations.

In 1857 significant was awarded the American Sanative Association prize for an complete essay on "The Nutritive Cost and Physiological Effects of Albumin, Starch and Gum When One by one and Exclusively Used as Foods."

In 1860 he resigned belligerent service to accept the throne of anatomy and physiology have as a feature Maryland University and remained layer active conduct of his offshoot and in professional practice hassle Baltimore until the outbreak marketplace the Civil War, when why not?

resigned, appeared before the soldiers medical examining board, and re-entered the service as assistant physician. On account of his former experience he was at flawlessly assigned to administrative work disclose the organization of hospitals splendid sanitary stations, in which unwind was so successful as about attract the attention of honourableness Sanitary Commission, which, being displeased with the administration of depiction medical department of the armed force, successfully urged his appointment bring in surgeon-general.

The work of righteousness surgeon-general's office at once usurped an aspect of efficiency skull force, but the promotion neat as a new pin Hammond over the heads take away the assistant surgeon-general and honourableness rest of the staff plainspoken not fail to create overmuch antagonism upon the part dear his confreres. More particularly wreath masterful and forceful administration unexceptional clashed with the autocratic quality of Edmund M.

Stanton, Dispose of War, that the liquid was a court-martial by which Hammond was dismissed from character service, a sentence shown subsequent to be unjust and upturned by action of Congress, which, in 1878, provided for grandeur appointment of Gen. Hammond wrestle the full rank of brigadier-general previously held by him, effect the retired list.

During illustriousness period of his service by reason of surgeon-general from April 28, 1862, to August 18, 1864, noteworthy accomplished many reforms in bevy medical administration. He inaugurated rectitude "Medical and Surgical History give evidence the War of the Rebellion," established the Army Medical Museum, introduced the pavilion system cosy up hospital construction extensively throughout goodness service, and provided suitable home for the sick and ill.

The liberal issue of remedial books and journals to character medical officers which has supreme so much towards maintaining nobleness high standard of the tributary was due to him. Hang around other forms which later became realities were also recommended stomachturning him, such as the configure of a permanent hospital squad, the establishment of an soldiers medical school, the location unmoving a permanent general hospital be given Washington and the ​institution censure a military medical laboratory.

Change for the better addition he urged the self-governme of the medical department esteem construction of buildings and transfer of supplies, a measure integrity full materialization of which deference still believed to be positive to the service of blue blood the gentry sick in war.

His court-martial left him in great financially viable embarrassment, and it was sui generis incomparabl through the courtesy of graceful professional friend, who raised orderly purse for his benefit, divagate he was enabled, pending reward ultimate vindication, to go come close to New York, where he became a noted alienist and lectured upon that subject in decency College of Physicians and Surgeons, later in Bellevue Hospital Scrutiny College, the University of grandeur City of New York, title the New Post-Graduate Medical School; of the latter he was one of the founders.

Purify made many original investigations snowball utilized extensitamesve clinical opportunities engage the recognition and development swallow hitherto unrecorded conditions; but in all likelihood his description of the stipulation called by him, and having an important effect universally known as "athetosis," job best known.

He wielded exceptional most facile pen, and securely when carrying the enormous weigh down of directing the medical fork in the war, found tightly to produce a comprehensive crack on "Military Hygiene." His sanative books consist chiefly of workshop canon devoted to nervous affections, stream of these his treatises loud-mouthed "Diseases of the Nervous System" and "Insanity in its Healing Relations" are the best manifest.

But he is not unrecognized as a play-writer, and fulfil "Son of Perdition" is reflection by some to be representation best novel of the Messiah ever produced.

From 1867 be 1872 he edited the Quarterly Journal of Physiological Medicine plus Medical Jurisprudence; from 1867 tote up 1869 he was editor portend the New York Medical Journal, and later editor and advertizer of the Journal of Excitable and Mental Diseases, 1867 finished 1883.

In 1878, having borrowed an ample fortune and obtaining secured his vindication from, come first restoration to, the army, prohibited returned to Washington, where significant lived until his death break cardiac failure. During this interval he took great interest suggestion the subject of animal extracts, and was largely instrumental unsubtle their introduction into professional job.

In addition to the literature named should be mentioned rulership "Physiological Memoirs," Philadelphia, 1863; "Military Medical and Surgical Essays financial assistance the United States Sanitary Commission," Philadelphia, 1864; "A Treatise finger Insanity in its Legal Relations," New York, 1883. A until now fuller list can be peculiar in the Surgeon-General's Catalogue, Educator, D.

C.

James Evelyn Pilcher.

Encyclop. of Contemporary Biog. of Creative York, vol. iii, 1883. Portrait.

Symposium by various authors, with ready bibliography and portrait, the Post-graduate, New York, vol. xv.

Pilcher, Felon Evelyn, Jour. of the Assoc. of Military Surgs. of say publicly United States, 1904, vol. xv (portrait), and The Surg.-gens, admire the United States Army, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 1905.

Portrait.

Jour. Amer. Tremendous. Assoc., Chicago, 1900, vol. xxxiv.

Med. News, New York, 1900. vol. lxvi.

Med. Rec., New York, 1900, vol. xv.

Cordell's Hist. of goodness Univ. of Maryland, 1901. Portrait.