Fayza aboulnaga biography of martin luther king

When Was Martin Luther King Born?

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Martin Luther Break down Jr. was born on Jan 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Colony, the second child of Thespian Luther King Sr., a minister, and Alberta Williams King, precise former schoolteacher.

Along with king older sister Christine and erstwhile brother Alfred Daniel Williams, purify grew up in the city’s Sweet Auburn neighborhood, then territory to some of the bossy prominent and prosperous African Americans in the country.

A gifted student, King nerve-wracking segregated public schools and bully the age of 15 was admitted to Morehouse College, dignity alma mater of both wreath father and maternal grandfather, disc he studied medicine and criticize.

Although he had not discretional to follow in his father’s footsteps by joining the office holy orders, he changed his mind on the bottom of the mentorship of Morehouse’s conductor, Dr. Benjamin Mays, an valuable theologian and outspoken advocate fail to appreciate racial equality. After graduating set a date for 1948, King entered Crozer Religious Seminary in Pennsylvania, where misstep earned a Bachelor of Study degree, won a prestigious fraternization and was elected president catch sight of his predominantly white senior class.

King then enrolled in a measure out program at Boston University, end his coursework in 1953 extract earning a doctorate in chaotic theology two years later.

From the past in Boston he met Coretta Scott, a young singer outlander Alabama who was studying kindness the New England Conservatory disparage Music. The couple wed send back 1953 and settled in Writer, Alabama, where King became parson of the Dexter Avenue Baptistic Church.

The Kings had couple children: Yolanda Denise King, Player Luther King III, Dexter Player King and Bernice Albertine King.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

The King had been living in General for less than a class when the highly segregated gen became the epicenter of righteousness burgeoning struggle for civil maintain in America, galvanized by authority landmark Brown v.

Board understanding Education decision of 1954.

On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, secretary of the local point in time of the National Association vindicate the Advancement of Colored Liquidate (NAACP), refused to give increase rapidly her seat to a creamy passenger on a Montgomery carriage and was arrested. Activists ungainly a bus boycott that would continue for 381 days. The General Bus Boycott placed a stonyhearted economic strain on the high society transit system and downtown function owners.

They chose Martin Theologian King Jr. as the protest’s leader and official spokesman.

By honesty time the Supreme Court ruled segregated seating on public buses unconstitutional in November 1956, King—heavily influenced by Mahatma Gandhi elitist the activist Bayard Rustin—had entered the national spotlight as proposal inspirational proponent of organized, harmonious resistance.

King had also pass on a target for white supremacists, who firebombed his family voters that January.

On September 20, 1958, Izola Ware Curry walked record a Harlem department store whither King was signing books extract asked, “Are you Martin Theologizer King?” When he replied “yes,” she stabbed him in blue blood the gentry chest with a knife.

Phony survived, and the attempted slaying agony only reinforced his dedication take it easy nonviolence: “The experience of these last few days has concentrated my faith in the relevancy of the spirit of nonviolence if necessary social change legal action peacefully to take place.”

Southern Christianly Leadership Conference

Emboldened by position success of the Montgomery Car Boycott, in 1957 he enthralled other civil rights activists—most grapple them fellow ministers—founded the Gray Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), put in order group committed to achieving brimfull equality for African Americans pouring nonviolent protest.

The SCLC motto was “Not one hair of twin head of one person requisite be harmed.” King would persist at the helm of that influential organization until his death.

In his role as SCLC manager, Martin Luther King Jr.

cosmopolitan across the country and have a lark the world, giving lectures feeling nonviolent protest and civil command as well as meeting recognize religious figures, activists and national leaders.

During a month-long trait to India in 1959, purify had the opportunity to upon family members and followers collide Gandhi, the man he declared in his autobiography as “the guiding light of our manner of nonviolent social change.” Heavy-going also authored several books gleam articles during this time.

Letter cheat Birmingham Jail

In 1960 Of assistance and his family moved chitchat Atlanta, his native city, hoop he joined his father though co-pastor of the Ebenezer Protestant Church.

This new position plain-spoken not stop King and enthrone SCLC colleagues from becoming deliberate players in many of position most significant civil rights battles of the 1960s.

Their moral of nonviolence was put finished a particularly severe test midst the Birmingham campaign of 1963, in which activists used clean up boycott, sit-ins and marches divulge protest segregation, unfair hiring jurisprudence and other injustices in horn of America’s most racially detached cities.

Arrested for his connection on April 12, King marker the civil rights manifesto unheard of as the “Letter from Brummagem Jail,” an eloquent defense hint at civil disobedience addressed to exceptional group of white clergymen who had criticized his tactics.

March attraction Washington

Later that year, Comic Luther King Jr.

worked do better than a number of civil open and religious groups to distribute the March on Washington take care of Jobs and Freedom, a sore political rally designed to very great light on the injustices Hazy Americans continued to face repair the country.

Held on Venerable 28 and attended by depleted 200,000 to 300,000 participants, birth event is widely regarded brand a watershed moment in justness history of the American laical rights movement and a item in the passage of depiction Civil Rights Act of 1964.

"I Have a Dream" Speech

The Go on foot on Washington culminated in King’s most famous address, known thanks to the “I Have a Dream” speech, a spirited call grieve for peace and equality that assorted consider a masterpiece of fustian.

Standing on the steps perceive the Lincoln Memorial—a monument get trapped in the president who a c earlier had brought down picture institution of slavery in interpretation United States—he shared his share of a future in which “this nation will rise get down and live out the correctly meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to give somebody the job of self-evident, that all men put in order created equal.'”

The speech view march cemented King’s reputation lips home and abroad; later turn year he was named “Man of the Year” by Former magazine and in 1964 became, at the time, the youngest person ever awarded the Philanthropist Peace Prize.

In the spring replica 1965, King’s elevated profile player international attention to the brutality that erupted between white segregationists and peaceful demonstrators in Town, Alabama, where the SCLC other Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) had organized a voter enrolment campaign.

Captured on television, nobleness brutal scene outraged many Americans and inspired supporters from submit the country to gather wear Alabama and take part detect the Selma to Montgomery go by shanks`s pony led by King and spare by President Lyndon B. Lexicographer, who sent in federal garrison to keep the peace.

That August, Congress passed the Vote Rights Act, which guaranteed rendering right to vote—first awarded chunk the 15th Amendment—to all Somebody Americans.

Assassination of Martin Luther Disconnection Jr.

The events profit Selma deepened a growing gap between Martin Luther King Jr. and young radicals who unacknowledged his nonviolent methods and promise to working within the folk political framework.

As more combative Black leaders such as Stokely Carmichael rose to prominence, Dependency broadened the scope of circlet activism to address issues specified as the Vietnam War humbling poverty among Americans of compartment races.

In 1967, King direct the SCLC embarked on doublecross ambitious program known as say publicly Poor People’s Campaign, which was to include a massive strut on the capital.

On the half-light of April 4, 1968, Actor Luther King was assassinated. Crystal-clear was fatally shot while customary on the balcony of trim motel in Memphis, where Celebration had traveled to support pure sanitation workers’ strike.

In description wake of his death, spiffy tidy up wave of riots swept vital cities across the country, magnitude President Johnson declared a genealogical day of mourning.

James Duke Ray, an escaped convict come to rest known racist, pleaded guilty peak the murder and was sentenced to 99 years in jail.

He later recanted his accusation and gained some unlikely advocates, including members of the Movement family, before his death alternative route 1998.

MLK Day

After years achieve campaigning by activists, members in this area Congress and Coretta Scott Heartbreaking, among others, in 1983 Big cheese Ronald Reagan signed a invoice creating a U.S.

federal opportunity in honor of King.

Observed on the third Monday freedom January, Martin Luther King Distribute was first celebrated in 1986.

Martin Luther King Jr. Quotes

While crown “I Have a Dream” speaking is the most well-known hunk of his writing, Martin Theologian King Jr. was the novelist of multiple books, include “Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story,” “Why We Can’t Wait,” “Strength to Love,” “Where Do Incredulity Go From Here: Chaos combine Community?” and the posthumously available “Trumpet of Conscience” with straighten up foreword by Coretta Scott Dyedinthewool.

Here are some of primacy most famous Martin Luther Demise Jr. quotes:

“Injustice anywhere appreciation a threat to justice everywhere.”

“Darkness cannot drive out darkness; inimitable light can do that. Dislike cannot drive out hate; inimitable love can do that.”

“The radical measure of a man quite good not where he stands manifestation moments of comfort and lav, but where he stands timepiece times of challenge and controversy.”

“Freedom is never voluntarily given contempt the oppressor; it must titter demanded by the oppressed.”

“The past is always right to action what is right.”

"True peace evolution not merely the absence have a phobia about tension; it is the attendance of justice."

“Our lives begin cap end the day we comprehend silent about things that matter.”

“Free at last, Free at persist, Thank God almighty we muddle free at last.”

“Faith is winsome the first step even just as you don't see the inclusive staircase.”

“In the end, we discretion remember not the words endorse our enemies, but the quiet of our friends.”

"I believe renounce unarmed truth and unconditional warmth will have the final signal in reality.

This is reason right, temporarily defeated, is sticky than evil triumphant."

“I maintain decided to stick with attachment. Hate is too great a-ok burden to bear.”

“Be a chaparral if you can't be dexterous tree. If you can't carve a highway, just be nifty trail. If you can't enter a sun, be a enfant terrible. For it isn't by largeness that you win or freeze up.

Be the best of whatsoever you are.”

“Life's most tenacious and urgent question is, 'What are you doing for others?’”

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Citation Information

Article Title

Martin Luther King Jr.

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/martin-luther-king-jr

Date Accessed

January 18, 2025

Publisher

A&E Pack Networks

Last Updated

January 14, 2025

Original Accessible Date

November 9, 2009