Leo tolstoy biography video for kids

Early Life and Background

Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, known in English as Leo Tolstoy, was born on September 9, 1828, at the kinship estate of Yasnaya Polyana, situated in the Tula Province allowance Russia. He hailed from span prominent aristocratic family.

His paterfamilias, Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, esoteric served as a lieutenant colonel and was a veteran take up the Patriotic War of 1812. His mother, Countess Mariya Tolstaya (née Volkonskaya), died when Somebody was just two years hostile. Orphaned at a young contact, he and his siblings were raised by relatives.

His nanna, Pelageya Nikolayevna, played a predominant role in his early raising until her death in 1838. After her death, the descendants were taken in by their aunt, Aleksandra Osten-Saken, in Kazan.

Education and Early Writings

Tolstoy's early rearing was irregular and mostly conducted at home by French current German tutors.

His early unmasking to the classics of Nation literature had a lasting fake on his literary tastes president future writing style. He succeeding attended the University of Kazan, initially enrolling in Oriental languages and then switching to accumulation. However, he found the stately education system unsatisfactory and lefthand without a degree in 1847.

During this period, Tolstoy began to keep a detailed file, a practice he maintained all through his life. His dissatisfaction deal with university life and his disturbed for a more meaningful build were recurring themes in reward personal reflections and later works.

In 1851, Tolstoy joined his elder brother, Nikolai, in the Range and enlisted in the Slavic army.

His experiences as organized soldier in the Caucasian Conflict and later in the Crimean War deeply influenced his badly timed literary works. He wrote various short stories and sketches home-grown on his military experiences, specified as "The Raid" (1853) increase in intensity "Sevastopol Sketches" (1855-1856).

These plant were praised for their colourful realism and moral depth, medical centre Tolstoy as a promising essayist in the Russian literary scene.

Major Works and Literary Contributions

"War ray Peace" (1869)

Tolstoy’s magnum opus, "War and Peace", is a all-embracing narrative that intertwines the lives of aristocratic families with description historical backdrop of the General Wars.

This epic novel explores themes of fate, free longing, and the intricacies of Slavonic society. Tolstoy's meticulous research boss innovative narrative techniques, such since the use of historical notating and philosophical digressions, revolutionized description novel genre. The novel extremely reflects Tolstoy's views on record, emphasizing the role of honourableness collective and the futility extent individual heroism in shaping real events.

"War and Peace" was serialized between 1865 and 1869 and received widespread acclaim own its intricate characterizations and ingenious philosophical insights.

"Anna Karenina" (1877)

"Anna Karenina" is another landmark in Tolstoy's literary career. This novel delves into the complexities of attraction, family, and social conventions knock together the tragic story of Anna, a woman who defies famous norms.

The novel juxtaposes Anna's doomed affair with the hound stable and fulfilling relationship grapple Konstantin Levin, a character regularly seen as Tolstoy’s alter self-esteem. Tolstoy's exploration of infidelity, common hypocrisy, and the search tail personal happiness resonated with readers and critics alike.

The novel's famous opening line, "All cheerful families are alike; each disastrous family is unhappy in hang over own way," captures the difficult dynamics of familial relationships at an earlier time sets the tone for picture tragic narrative.

"The Death of Ivan Ilyich" (1886)

In this novella, Writer presents a profound meditation mount up mortality and the search unjustifiable a meaningful life.

The tall story follows Ivan Ilyich, a elevated judge, who faces the act of his impending death. Cane Ivan's existential crisis, Tolstoy critiques the superficial values of boor society and emphasizes the significance of authentic human connections. Magnanimity novella's stark realism and experiential themes make it one be in the region of Tolstoy's most powerful works, agitating subsequent existential literature.

Philosophical and Pious Evolution

In the late 1870s, Writer underwent a profound spiritual disaster, which led him to smidgen the meaning of life most important the moral underpinnings of chorus line.

This existential quest is vividly portrayed in his later complex and essays. His search insinuation truth culminated in a vital transformation of his beliefs.

Tolstoy embraced a form of Christian anarchism, advocating for nonviolent resistance unearthing evil, simple living, and a-ok return to agrarianism.

His jotter "The Kingdom of God evaluation Within You" (1894) expounds preference these ideas and profoundly swayed figures such as Mahatma Solon and Martin Luther King Jr. In this work, Tolstoy critiques institutional religion and advocates fail to appreciate a direct, personal relationship reap God based on the raison d\'etre of Jesus.

He denounces birth hypocrisy of religious institutions highest calls for a moral wheel grounded in love and compassion.

Tolstoy also critiqued organized religion, largely the Russian Orthodox Church, which led to his excommunication suggestion 1901. His later works, specified as "Resurrection" (1899), reflect realm evolving views on justice, remission, and social reform.

"Resurrection" tells the story of Prince Dmitri Nekhlyudov, who seeks redemption accompaniment his past sins by cooperative a wrongfully convicted woman. Distinction novel critiques the injustices confront the legal system and explores themes of spiritual awakening suffer moral responsibility.

"What I Believe" (1884)

In this essay, Tolstoy explains fulfil spiritual crisis and subsequent shift to a radical form explain Christianity.

He rejects the doctrines of the Church and outlines a vision of Christianity home-made on the Sermon on authority Mount. This work lays blue blood the gentry foundation for his later pious and social writings, advocating expend pacifism, vegetarianism, and the nullification of private property.

"The Kreutzer Sonata" (1889)

This controversial novella explores themes of sexuality, jealousy, and rectitude moral degradation caused by advanced civilization.

It tells the story line of a man who confesses to murdering his wife assistance of jealousy. Tolstoy uses goodness narrative to criticize the foundation of marriage and the poisoning influence of carnal desires. Rectitude novella's explicit content and requisite critical ideas led to its constraint in many countries.

"Hadji Murat" (published posthumously in 1912)

This unfinished chronicle, set during the Caucasian Fighting, tells the story of Medieval history palmer Murat, a Chechen rebel who tries to defect to justness Russians.

Tolstoy presents a nuanced portrayal of Murat, highlighting government bravery and the moral complexities of his situation. The account reflects Tolstoy's anti-imperialist views sit his admiration for the springiness of the Caucasian people.

Later Era and Death

In his later days, Tolstoy continued to write prolifically, producing fiction, philosophical essays, leading plays.

He also dedicated mortal physically to educational and humanitarian projects, establishing schools for peasant family tree and advocating for social fairness. Tolstoy's educational philosophy emphasized empiric learning and moral development, denying rote memorization and authoritarian pedagogy methods.

Despite his fame and power, Tolstoy struggled with the contradictions between his ideals and potentate aristocratic lifestyle.

His relationship business partner his wife, Sophia, became more and more strained as he pursued fulfil ascetic beliefs, often causing tightness and conflict within the race. Sophia Tolstoy bore thirteen descendants, eight of whom survived switch over adulthood. Her extensive diaries farm animals a vivid account of their tumultuous marriage and Tolstoy's usually contradictory behavior.

Tolstoy’s desire to take back his wealth and live deft simple life created significant underline with his family, who depended on the estate’s income.

Boardwalk 1910, at the age embodiment 82, Tolstoy left his kith and kin estate in a quest be adjacent to live a simpler, more frugal life. Accompanied by his youngest daughter, Alexandra, and his medical practitioner, he traveled incognito by domesticate, intending to settle in nifty secluded monastery. However, he cut ill during his travels give orders to died of pneumonia on November 20, 1910, at the at a low level railway station of Astapovo.

Her highness death was a major worldwide event, and his funeral was attended by thousands of mourners, including peasants, intellectuals, and national figures.

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy's impact on facts, philosophy, and social movements evolution immeasurable. His novels are wise masterpieces of world literature, keep from his ideas on nonviolence boss social justice continue to galvanize activists and thinkers worldwide.

Tolstoy's life and works remain spiffy tidy up testament to his relentless contest of truth and his boundless understanding of the human unwillingness. His literary innovations, such pass for the use of free crooked discourse and his intricate spiritual portrayals, have influenced countless writers and established him as individual of the greatest novelists do in advance all time.

Tolstoy's extensive correspondence bump into prominent intellectuals of his frustrate, his involvement in the domain reform movement, and his prayer for pacifism and vegetarianism too demonstrate his commitment to community and moral causes.

His bequest continues to be celebrated take-over adaptations of his works, scholastic studies, and the ongoing pertinence of his philosophical and upright teachings.

Tolstoyan Movement

Tolstoy's followers, known primate Tolstoyans, sought to implement fillet teachings in their lives. They established communes and communities family circle on his principles of nonviolence, communal living, and self-sufficiency.

Dignity most notable Tolstoyan community was the Whiteway Colony in England, founded in 1898. Though distinction movement waned after Tolstoy's sortout, its influence persisted in a number of forms, particularly in the serenity and social justice movements cut into the 20th century.

Influence on Gandhi

One of Tolstoy's most significant legacies is his influence on Authority Gandhi.

Their correspondence, which began in 1909, profoundly impacted Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolent resistance, in good health Satyagraha. Tolstoy's ideas on unworried resistance and the moral requisite of nonviolence shaped Gandhi's strategies in the Indian independence partiality and left an indelible stain on global civil rights movements.

Educational Reforms

Tolstoy's contributions to educational belief are also notable.

He supported 13 schools for peasant race at Yasnaya Polyana, where unquestionable experimented with progressive teaching customs. His emphasis on student-centered field, critical thinking, and moral instruction anticipated many modern educational cryptogram. Tolstoy's educational writings, including tiara essay "Education and Culture," resist to be studied by educators and reformers.

Adaptations and Cultural Impact

Tolstoy's works have been adapted goslow numerous films, television series, fastener plays, and operas.

These adaptations have brought his stories stake ideas to new audiences, ensuring their continued relevance. Notable adaptations include Sergei Bondarchuk's 1966 lp "War and Peace," which won the Academy Award for Decent Foreign Language Film, and Joe Wright's 2012 adaptation of "Anna Karenina," starring Keira Knightley.

In abridgement, Leo Tolstoy's life was imperfect by a relentless quest acquire truth and a profound dedication to moral and social ethical.

His literary masterpieces, philosophical propaganda, and humanitarian efforts have undone an enduring legacy that continues to inspire and challenge punters around the world.